Abstract:

Thousands of energy-constrained sensor nodes work together in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to complete a sensing task. Several routing protocols have been developed for use in WSNs. For heterogeneous WSNs, we suggested the Zonal-Stable Election Protocol (Z-SEP), a hybrid routing protocol. With this protocol, some nodes transmit data to the base station directly, while others use the clustering approach used in SEP. LEACH is a hierarchical clustering algorithm for the network's efficient use of energy. The local cluster head is rotated randomly via LEACH. LEACH operates effectively in uniform environments. Every node in LEACH has the same chance of becoming a cluster head. Normal nodes and advanced nodes are the two categories of nodes introduced by the two-level heterogeneous protocol known as SEP.

Description:

Wireless Sensor Networks, LEACH, SEP, Z-SEP