Abstract:

Plant biotechnology and genetics have increasingly used molecular markers to detect DNAlevel variation. Genetic investigations use morphological, biochemical, and DNA-based molecular markers. DNA-based markers are either PCR-based (RAPD, AFLP, SSR, SNP, etc.) or non-PCR-based (RFLP). Due to their simplicity, microsatellite DNA markers have become widespread. PCR amplification and denaturing gel electrophoresis determine allele size. Due to their high allele count, microsatellite markers are rich in information. SNP markers, although being bi-allelic, have gained attention. SNP markers' abundance and genome coverage have transformed genetic investigations. SNP markers are cost-effective, high-throughput, and compatible with several genotyping technologies. These markers are essential for studying genetic variability and diversity in plants. This thorough overview covers biochemical and molecular markers used in plant genetics investigations. We discuss marker type pros and cons and their uses. We compare markers to understand their advantages and applicability for diverse study situations. We can better comprehend genetic variability and variety in plant species thanks to the fast development of innovative and specialised markers.

Description:

biochemical markers, molecular markers, genetic research, polymorphism, microsatellite markers, SNP markers, genotyping, plant biotechnology, genomic variability, genetic diversity