Abstract:

For the scientific community, sensors are becoming an essential element of daily life. It is a device that can measure any intrinsic feature of the constituent material by transmitting an electrical impulse in response to various physical stimuli, such as heat, light, sound, pressure, magnetism, or movement. Chemical sensors that use an electrode as a transducer element when an analyte is present are known as electrochemical sensors. Electrochemical sensors are appealing in comparison to other types of sensors due to their exceptional capacity for detection, ease of experimentation, and affordability. These benefits have led to their commercial availability and a wide range of uses in the fields of industrial, clinical, and biological analysis. Over time, a wide range of electrochemical sensors that are appropriate for these uses have been created. Electrochemical sensors based on highly sensitive and precise nanomaterials have created new opportunities for the development of innovative technologies connected to the early identification and diagnosis of disease-associated biomarkers. This is due to the fact that the desirable characteristics of nanomaterials have made it possible to fabricate a variety of electrochemical sensors with enhanced analytical capabilities. Additionally, planar electrochemical sensors are widely used in clinical procedures. Two types of planar electrochemical sensors can be distinguished based on the method used for film deposition. There are two types of sensors: thin film and thick film. Thin film technology is exemplified by microelectrode devices, while thick film technology is represented by screen printed electrodes. Additionally, recently, implantable electrochemical sensors with real-time monitoring capabilities for pH, blood gases, blood glucose, electrolytes, and a few specific metabolites have been created. One well-known instance is the use of implantable glucose sensors to track blood-glucose changes in the context of diabetes treatment. These electrochemical biosensors fall into one of four categories: field effect transistor-based, ionselective, conductometric, potentiometric, and amperometric. The functions and uses of these many kinds of electrochemical sensors will be covered in this study

Description:

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